hD

Cash Flow Summary

Mercury General (MCY) annual cash flow statement covering fiscal 2019 through 2024, as reported to the SEC.

  • Mercury General generated $1.04B in cash from operations in fiscal 2024, up 128.9% from $453M in fiscal 2023.
  • That is 2.2 times its reported net income of $467.95M.
  • After spending $46.14M on purchases of fixed assets, free cash flow was $990.98M.
  • Investing activities used $796.66M and financing activities used $71.11M.
  • Mercury General paid $70.33M in dividends.

Net cash provided by operating activities has grown 14.8% a year on average since fiscal 2019, from $519.68M to $1.04B.

A cash flow statement shows the cash that actually came in and went out, split between running the business, investing and financing.

Figures in USD thousands
Dec'24Dec'23Dec'22Dec'21Dec'20Dec'19
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income

467,953

96,336

-512,672

247,900

374,600

320,100

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Net income

467,953

96,336

-512,672

247,900

374,600

320,100

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization

73,433

72,240

82,390

79,056

68,463

64,730

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Depreciation and amortization

73,433

72,240

82,390

79,056

68,463

64,730

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Net realized investment gains

88,671

101,014

-488,080

111,700

85,700

222,800

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Net realized investment gains

88,671

101,014

-488,080

111,700

85,700

222,800

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Net gains on sales of fixed assets

20,111

5,879

-86

17

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Net gains on sales of fixed assets

20,111

5,879

-86

17

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Loss on property held for sale

-6,420

-

-841

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Loss on property held for sale

-6,420

-

-841

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Bond amortization, net

-

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Bond amortization, net

-

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation

-

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation

-

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Increase in premiums receivable

89,051

35,615

-49,630

26,670

-13,946

49,832

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Increase in premiums receivable

89,051

35,615

-49,630

26,670

-13,946

49,832

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Decrease (increase) in reinsurance recoverables

-3,334

6,052

-19,105

-3,488

-30,127

-142,314

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Decrease (increase) in reinsurance recoverables

-3,334

6,052

-19,105

-3,488

-30,127

-142,314

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Gain on sale of fixed assets

-

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Gain on sale of fixed assets

-

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Changes in current and deferred income taxes

-11,992

-60,945

131,500

18,097

-31,236

-72,545

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Changes in current and deferred income taxes

-11,992

-60,945

131,500

18,097

-31,236

-72,545

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Increase in deferred policy acquisition costs

41,488

27,369

8,216

11,265

13,828

18,035

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Increase in deferred policy acquisition costs

41,488

27,369

8,216

11,265

13,828

18,035

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Increase in loss and loss adjustment expense reserves

366,329

200,792

358,480

235,126

70,049

91,843

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Increase in loss and loss adjustment expense reserves

366,329

200,792

358,480

235,126

70,049

91,843

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Increase in unearned premiums

304,170

190,021

25,840

113,926

50,326

119,366

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Increase in unearned premiums

304,170

190,021

25,840

113,926

50,326

119,366

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

(Decrease) increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses

67,139

23,162

-15,844

-26,724

51,988

26,493

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

(Decrease) increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses

67,139

23,162

-15,844

-26,724

51,988

26,493

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Decrease in trading securities in nature, net of realized gains and losses

-

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Decrease in trading securities in nature, net of realized gains and losses

-

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Share-based compensation

-

-

-

-

-

123

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Share-based compensation

-

-

-

-

-

123

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

(Decrease) increase in other payables

-

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

(Decrease) increase in other payables

-

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Other, net

-24,332

-14,563

-3,631

16,482

14,433

-27,163

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Other, net

-24,332

-14,563

-3,631

16,482

14,433

-27,163

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Net cash provided by operating activities

1,037,117

453,004

352,589

501,584

605,616

519,678

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Net cash provided by operating activities

1,037,117

453,004

352,589

501,584

605,616

519,678

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Fixed maturity securities available for sale in nature:
Purchases

1,720,986

784,752

1,794,817

1,460,641

878,213

491,795

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Purchases

1,720,986

784,752

1,794,817

1,460,641

878,213

491,795

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Sales

171,432

276,805

856,291

336,201

168,087

136,560

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Sales

171,432

276,805

856,291

336,201

168,087

136,560

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Calls or maturities

940,858

294,309

480,023

518,557

250,878

316,860

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Calls or maturities

940,858

294,309

480,023

518,557

250,878

316,860

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Equity securities available for sale in nature:
Purchases

1,663,525

1,356,493

1,042,913

958,008

1,230,785

1,174,759

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Purchases

1,663,525

1,356,493

1,042,913

958,008

1,230,785

1,174,759

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Sales

1,550,229

1,356,132

1,154,523

943,857

1,174,540

1,088,701

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Sales

1,550,229

1,356,132

1,154,523

943,857

1,174,540

1,088,701

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Calls

7,185

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Calls

7,185

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Changes in securities payable and receivable

-32,327

36,435

-22,124

-8,327

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Changes in securities payable and receivable

-32,327

36,435

-22,124

-8,327

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Purchases

1,663,525

1,356,493

1,042,913

958,008

1,230,785

1,174,759

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Purchases

1,663,525

1,356,493

1,042,913

958,008

1,230,785

1,174,759

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Sales

1,550,229

1,356,132

1,154,523

943,857

1,174,540

1,088,701

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Sales

1,550,229

1,356,132

1,154,523

943,857

1,174,540

1,088,701

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Calls

7,185

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Calls

7,185

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Calls

-

-

-

-

3,880

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Calls

-

-

-

-

3,880

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Changes in securities payable and receivable

-

-

-

-

-873

2,536

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Changes in securities payable and receivable

-

-

-

-

-873

2,536

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Change in short-term investments and purchased options

92,156

48,446

-38,141

-270,383

-118,830

240,391

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Change in short-term investments and purchased options

92,156

48,446

-38,141

-270,383

-118,830

240,391

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Purchases of fixed assets

46,138

36,810

35,508

41,442

39,953

40,088

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Purchases of fixed assets

46,138

36,810

35,508

41,442

39,953

40,088

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Sales of fixed assets

12,707

29,860

3

27

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Sales of fixed assets

12,707

29,860

3

27

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Sale of fixed assets

-

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Sale of fixed assets

-

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Business acquisition, net of cash acquired

-

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Business acquisition, net of cash acquired

-

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Other, net

-11,411

-10,377

-5,749

-9,069

-20,577

-6,247

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Other, net

-11,411

-10,377

-5,749

-9,069

-20,577

-6,247

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities

-796,656

-295,453

-316,384

-373,670

-411,286

-401,201

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities

-796,656

-295,453

-316,384

-373,670

-411,286

-401,201

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Net proceeds from issuance of senior notes

-

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Net proceeds from issuance of senior notes

-

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Dividends paid to shareholders

70,326

70,322

105,482

140,226

139,640

139,071

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Dividends paid to shareholders

70,326

70,322

105,482

140,226

139,640

139,071

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Employee taxes paid with shares related to share-based compensation

-

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Employee taxes paid with shares related to share-based compensation

-

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Payment to retire senior notes

-

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Payment to retire senior notes

-

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Payoff bank loan

-

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Payoff bank loan

-

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Proceeds from stock options exercised

752

-

-

215

-

701

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Proceeds from stock options exercised

752

-

-

215

-

701

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Payments on finance lease obligations

1,533

1,102

1,504

825

609

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Payments on finance lease obligations

1,533

1,102

1,504

825

609

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Paydown of principal on credit facility

-

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Paydown of principal on credit facility

-

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Proceeds from bank loan

-

175,000

25,000

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Proceeds from bank loan

-

175,000

25,000

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

-71,107

103,576

-81,986

-140,836

-140,249

-138,370

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

-71,107

103,576

-81,986

-140,836

-140,249

-138,370

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Net increase in cash

169,354

261,127

-45,781

-12,922

54,081

-19,893

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Net increase in cash

169,354

261,127

-45,781

-12,922

54,081

-19,893

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW DISCLOSURE
Interest paid

30,077

23,000

16,665

16,616

16,599

16,586

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Interest paid

30,077

23,000

16,665

16,616

16,599

16,586

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Income taxes paid (refunded), net
Income taxes paid, net

94,935

-57,853

-26,542

69,467

52,659

-14,564

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Income taxes paid, net

94,935

-57,853

-26,542

69,467

52,659

-14,564

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Net realized gains from sale of investments

-

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

Net realized gains from sale of investments

-

-

-

-

-

-

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx

xxxxx